解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of four monthly vitamin D supplementation on the rate of fractures in men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community. DESIGN:Randomised double blind controlled trial of 100 000 IU oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation or matching placebo every four months ove...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7387.469
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of a self help approach to smoking cessation in pregnancy. DESIGN:Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with community midwife as the unit of randomisation. SETTING:Three NHS hospital trusts in England. PARTICIPANTS:1527 women who smoked at the start of pregnancy. IN...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7377.1383
更新日期:2002-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether and how investigators of placebo controlled randomised trials inform participants of their treatment allocation at trial closure and to assess barriers to feedback. DESIGN:Postal survey with a semistructured questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS:All investigators who published a placebo controlled ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1329
更新日期:2002-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of involving patients in the planning and development of health care. DATA SOURCES:Published and grey literature. STUDY SELECTION:Systematic search for worldwide reports written in English between January 1966 and October 2000. DATA EXTRACTION:Qualitative review of papers describing ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7375.1263
更新日期:2002-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To understand the approaches to learning of practising physicians in their workplace and to assess the relation of these approaches to their motivation for, preferred methods of, and perceived barriers to continuing medical education. DESIGN:Postal survey of 800 Ontario physicians. PARTICIPANTS:373 physici...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1218
更新日期:2002-11-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of mental health interventions for patients with three common somatic conditions (chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic back pain). To assess whether results obtained in secondary care can be extrapolated to primary care an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1082
更新日期:2002-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the published evidence regarding the characteristics and effectiveness of disease management programmes. DESIGN:Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Computerised databases for English language articles during 1987-2001. STUDY SELECTION:102 articles evaluating 118 disease management progra...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7370.925
更新日期:2002-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the suitability of a screening based intervention for excessive alcohol use by describing the experiences of general practitioners who tried such an intervention in their everyday practice. DESIGN:Qualitative interviews with general practitioners who had participated in a pragmatic study of a comb...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7369.870
更新日期:2002-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk fact...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805
更新日期:2002-10-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the more intensive screening and treatment for prostate cancer in the Seattle-Puget Sound area in 1987-90 led to lower mortality from prostate cancer than in Connecticut. DESIGN:Natural experiment comparing two fixed cohorts from 1987 to 1997. SETTING:Seattle-Puget Sound and Connecticut...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7367.740
更新日期:2002-10-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between genotype at the insertion or deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and risk of coronary restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of studies before July 2001 that reported on these genotypes and risk of coronary reste...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7363.517
更新日期:2002-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the processes involved in and impact of mergers between NHS trusts, including the effect on management costs. DESIGN:Cross sectional study involving in depth interviews and documentary analysis; case study to compare savings in management costs between case trusts and control trusts. SETTING:Nine t...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7358.246
更新日期:2002-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of early treatment for amblyopia in children. DESIGN:Follow up of outcomes of treatment for amblyopia in a randomised controlled trial comparing intensive orthoptic screening at 8, 12, 18, 25, 31, and 37 months (intensive group) with orthoptic screening at 37 months only (control ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7353.1549
更新日期:2002-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of daily zinc supplementation in children on the incidence of acute lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. DESIGN:Double masked, randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING:A slum community in New Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS:2482 children aged 6 to 30 months. INTERVENTIO...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1358
更新日期:2002-06-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of two mechanical methods of blood conservation in reducing the need for allogeneic red blood cells or coagulation products during cardiac surgery. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Regional cardiac centre in a teaching hospital in Southampton. PARTICIPANTS:263 adults ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7349.1299
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS:1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds)....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1179
更新日期:2002-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To gain insight into people's thoughts on stroke and to inform the development of educational strategies in the community. DESIGN:Focus group discussions: two groups of people who had a stroke and their carers, and two groups of members of the general public. SETTING:New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPAN...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7345.1065
更新日期:2002-05-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the perspectives of patients with asthma on the use of an action plan and the implementation of this plan during an asthma attack that culminated in a visit to an emergency department. DESIGN:Qualitative study. SETTING:Tertiary teaching hospital, suburban hospital, and rural hospital. PARTI...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1003
更新日期:2002-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of teaching general practitioners skills in brief cognitive behaviour therapy. DESIGN:Parallel group, cluster randomised, controlled trial of an educational package on cognitive behaviour therapy. SETTING:General practices in north London. PARTICIPANTS:84 general practitioner pr...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7343.947
更新日期:2002-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether British South Asian children differ in insulin resistance, adiposity, and cardiovascular risk profile from white children. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:Primary schools in 10 British towns. PARTICIPANTS:British children aged 8 to 11 years (227 South Asian and 3415 white); 73 Sou...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.635
更新日期:2002-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study updates work published in 1998, which found that of 47 rating instruments appearing on websites offering health information, 14 described how they were developed, five provided instructions for use, and none reported the interobserver reliability and construct validity of the measurements. DESIGN:...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7337.569
更新日期:2002-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether over the counter cough medicines are effective for acute cough in adults. DESIGN:Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:Search of the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group specialised register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, and the...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7333.329
更新日期:2002-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the prevalence of domestic violence among women attending general practice; test the association between experience of domestic violence and demographic factors; evaluate the extent of recording of domestic violence in records held by general practices; and assess acceptability to women of screeni...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7332.274
更新日期:2002-02-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if sufficient evidence exists to support the use of magnetic resonance angiography as a means of selecting patients with recently symptomatic high grade carotid stenosis for surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review of published research on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance angiography, 1...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7331.198
更新日期:2002-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and tolerability of butterbur (Petasites hybridus) with cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever). DESIGN:Randomised, double blind, parallel group comparison. SETTING:Four outpatient general medicine and allergy clinics in Switzerland and Germany. PARTICIPA...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.144
更新日期:2002-01-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test whether the relation between income inequality and mortality found in US states is because of different levels of formal education. DESIGN:Cross sectional, multiple regression analysis. SETTING:All US states and the District of Columbia (n=51). DATA SOURCES:US census statistics and vital statistics...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7328.23
更新日期:2002-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether being overweight in childhood increases adult obesity and risk of disease. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:City of Newcastle upon Tyne. PARTICIPANTS:932 members of thousand families 1947 birth cohort, of whom 412 attended for clinical examination age 50. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7324.1280
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in entrants to Irish prisons and to examine risk factors for infection. DESIGN:Cross sectional, anonymous survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. SET...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7323.1209
更新日期:2001-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether there are important differences in performance between group practices and singlehanded general practitioners and the extent to which any differences are explained by practice characteristics such as deprivation. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:206 singlehanded practices and 606...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7308.320
更新日期:2001-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on rates of teenage pregnancy and the extent of local variation in pregnancy rates in Scotland, and to examine how both have changed over time. DESIGN:Population study using routine data from hospital records, aggregated for small areas. SUBJECTS:Female te...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7306.199
更新日期:2001-07-28 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop an easily applicable diagnostic scoring method to determine the presence of peptic ulcers in dyspeptic patients in a primary care setting; to evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori testing adds value to history taking. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:General practitioners' offices in the Utr...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7304.71
更新日期:2001-07-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the menstrual experience of women referred for menstrual problems, in particular menorrhagia (excessive menstrual loss), and to assess associations with reasons for referral given by their general practitioners, the women's understanding of the reasons for their attendance at the hospital clinics...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.24
更新日期:2001-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among gay men. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with 12 months' follow up. SETTING:Sexual health clinic in London. PARTICIPANTS:343 gay men with an acute sexually tran...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7300.1451
更新日期:2001-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the association between ambulance response time and survival from out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to estimate the effect of reducing response times. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Scottish Ambulance Service. SUBJECTS:All out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrests due to cardiac disease ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7299.1385
更新日期:2001-06-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of perineal massage in the second stage of labour on perineal outcomes. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS:At 36 weeks' gestation, women expecting normal birth of a singleton were asked to join the study. Women became eligible to be randomised in labour if they progres...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1277
更新日期:2001-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects on suicidal behaviour of legislation limiting the size of packs of paracetamol and salicylates sold over the counter. DESIGN:Before and after study. SETTING:UK population, with detailed monitoring of data from five liver units and seven general hospitals, between September 1996 and S...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7296.1203
更新日期:2001-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare patients' preference for transdermal fentanyl or sustained release oral morphine, their level of pain control, and their quality of life after treatment. DESIGN:Randomised, multicentre, international, open label, crossover trial. SETTING:35 centres in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, the Unite...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7295.1154
更新日期:2001-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with exp...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763
更新日期:2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether elderly people can learn to use the inhaler used to deliver zanamivir (Relenza Diskhaler) as effectively as the Turbohaler and to identify which aspects of inhaler technique are most problematic. DESIGN:Randomised, controlled, intervention study. SETTING:Wards for acute elderly care in ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7286.577
更新日期:2001-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. DESIGN:Time trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD). SETTING:General practices in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:Children aged 12 years or younger...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
更新日期:2001-02-24 00:00:00